Week 1: Research
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What is a 'Single Camera Production?'
A single camera production is simply a piece of media text either a music video or film shot with a single camera. These are usually low budget films and usually involves a lot of editing during scenes with multiple characters having a conversation with one another etc.
What are the benefits and limitations of a 'Single Camera Production?'
Advantages
What is a 'Multi-Camera Production?'
Multi-camera production is a method of shooting television programs and films where several cameras are used on the set to record or broadcast a scene
What are the benefits and limitations of using a multi-camera?
Advantages
A single camera production is simply a piece of media text either a music video or film shot with a single camera. These are usually low budget films and usually involves a lot of editing during scenes with multiple characters having a conversation with one another etc.
What are the benefits and limitations of a 'Single Camera Production?'
Advantages
- It is cheaper - only one camera is used.
- You have more control - lighting and sound for each shot are set for each shot.
- It is more flexible for the actors - they don't need to be on set at the same time.
- Good if you have limited space.
- The most disadvantageous aspect of shooting with single-camera production is that you only get one angle at a time.
- You'll be spending a lot more time in the editing room.
- Because all of the film will be from one camera, all of your outtakes and mistakes will be have to be sorted out over time, as opposed to a multi-camera approach, where you can edit certain sequences, angles and scenes based on the camera that was shooting.
- The quality of the camera wouldn't be that clear or realistic.
What is a 'Multi-Camera Production?'
Multi-camera production is a method of shooting television programs and films where several cameras are used on the set to record or broadcast a scene
What are the benefits and limitations of using a multi-camera?
Advantages
- Cover more area as there are more cameras
- Use different shots for each camera
- Be able to see reactions and emotions through different angles
- It takes longer to set up due to the large amount of equipment. Its more expensive than single camera because there are more than 1 camera you would be using.
- Directors would only be able to use this in studios as it wouldn't be possible to be used outdoor.
- It will take a lot longer to light a multi-camera shoot because you would be using a number of different cameras rather then using a single camera production also because there are more scenes on the show
Media productions and their use of single camera techniques.
Documentaries
Single camera production is used commonly when producing a documentary. Documentaries are when filming a person or an event as it occurs. Unlike most things on TV documentaries are an accurate representation of real life. When filming a documentary you will find that they almost always only use one camera. There are many reasons contributing to why single camera technique is most effective when filming a documentary. One reason why they are beneficial in this type of environment is because footage comes across as more raw therefore, the message they are trying to spread is more likely to .come across as real. It's also more easier for the camera to capture key moments as they are. If multiple cameras were to be used during the making of a documentary they would focus to much on camera techniques and getting the perfect shot than anything else. Another reason why you will often find documentaries being filmed with just one camera is because it's much more cheaper. Unlike, movie and video production they usually have a very low budget therefore, cutting into budget for multiple cameras and camera operators is unlikely as they are expensive to run. |
TV Drama's
TV dramas are more known to use multi camera techniques however, single camera techniques are becoming increasingly popular. Even though it takes a long time to capture different angles as you would have to re-shoot scenes but in a different angle it is more interesting for viewers as it is said to feel more realistic. That way the audience are feel more like they are there. This would make the audience feel more likely to tune in on the following episode. Single camera technique during the production of a TV drama also means that the camera operator can get stuck into creative shots more creating a more relaxed environment for them and the actors. It also makes the narrative more easier to understand. |
YouTube Vlog
Single camera technique is commonly used in YouTube videos. Videos are often home made videos made by small accounts. Therefore, being able to afford multiple cameras and operators is unlikely. Single camera technique is also used because it's easier to film as well as edit. Most YouTubers start of with no experience in camera production therefore, it's simpler for them to use a single camera. Editing will be made easy as they will not need to cut as footage. Footage is more raw. Videos published on YouTube which use only one camera are likely to be sit down videos which are often channeling emotion from creators to the audience as well as fashion, makeup, pranks and more. |
Soap's and Sitcom's
A sitcom (situation comedy) is a genre of comedy performance in which recurring characters take part in humorous story lines centered on a common environment, such as a family home or workplace. Popular sitcoms include; Friends, Everyone Loves Raymond, Frasier. Sitcoms will use multi-camera productions in order to capture all the best angles and to capture filming with multiple actors at once. it is more professional and easier for television shows/films to use multi-camera productions. |
Music Video
A music video is a short film/video use to accompany a piece of music. Music videos are primarily used to market/promote the sale of music recordings however some artists may create music videos solely for the artistic purpose. Music videos tend to use single camera productions however some videos y vary and multi-camera production is used. The purpose of music videos using single camera production is so that there is direct address. the music artist will look into one lens only to look in the direction of the audience |
Advertisements
Advertising is a marketing tactic involving paying for space to promote a product, service, or cause. The actual promotional messages are called advertisements, or ads for short. The goal of advertising is to reach people most likely to be willing to pay for a company’s products or services and entice them to buy. Popular adverts include; 'real beauty' by Dove, 'Wassup' by Budweiser, 'taste the rainbow' by Skittles. Advertisements use multi and single camera production as there are a lot of variations within advertisements. Some adverts may need to capture all angles in a set amount of time so they will use multi camera production, or some adverts may not need to have a big set up of cameras and would like more aesthetic control. |
Sports Events
A sport event is an organised sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organised teams of athletes. The most popular sport events include; the rugby world cup, Olympics games, the Fifa world cup. Sporting events will use multi-camera productions. For sporting events such as Olympics and Fifa, it is important multi-camera is used in order to capture all the angles for the viewers and the people in charge of running the events so they can see all which is taken place. |
CAMERA ANGLES
Extreme Close Up
An extreme close up is when the camera focuses on a tiny aspect of something. It used to show detail or make the audience aware of something that is important in the storyline.
An extreme close up is when the camera focuses on a tiny aspect of something. It used to show detail or make the audience aware of something that is important in the storyline.
Close Up
A close up is when the camera focuses on a small part of something. You would show it on someone's face.
A close up is when the camera focuses on a small part of something. You would show it on someone's face.
Two Short
A two short is used to establish that two characters are together bin a scene. You would use it to make clear to the audience that those characters are the main in the scene.
A two short is used to establish that two characters are together bin a scene. You would use it to make clear to the audience that those characters are the main in the scene.
Mid Shot
When the camera focuses on a medium sized section of something such as a person's from their head to their waist. Used as it is close enough for you to see who the character is.
When the camera focuses on a medium sized section of something such as a person's from their head to their waist. Used as it is close enough for you to see who the character is.
Over The Shoulder
Shows the shoulder of one character and what they are looking at or who they are talking to. This is used to create a sense of intimacy.
Shows the shoulder of one character and what they are looking at or who they are talking to. This is used to create a sense of intimacy.
Long Shot
When the camera focuses on the whole of something which places the character or thing in their surroundings.
When the camera focuses on the whole of something which places the character or thing in their surroundings.
Extreme Long Shot
It is a camera angle that shows a lot of information from far away. E.g. You would use an extreme long shot to establish a shot from far away.
It is a camera angle that shows a lot of information from far away. E.g. You would use an extreme long shot to establish a shot from far away.
Birds Eye View
Shows something or somewhere directly from above.
Shows something or somewhere directly from above.
High Angle Shot
Is taken from a level higher than the subject
Is taken from a level higher than the subject
Low Angle Shot
Taken from level lower than the subject. Use it to make the subject look inferior.
Taken from level lower than the subject. Use it to make the subject look inferior.
Point Of View Shot
Shows us a scene through the eye of one of its characters. Clearing understanding of the characters perspective.
Shows us a scene through the eye of one of its characters. Clearing understanding of the characters perspective.
A QUIET PLACE ANALYSIS
The clip is set in a forest. There are multiple camera angles such as Point of View which shows a scene through the eye of one of the characters which is effective as it gives the audience a clearer understanding of the character’s perspective, Wide Angle is a shot taken from a distance in order to frame more than two subjects at the same time. Another angle is the Big Close Up which the camera focus is on the subject’s facial expression. Also another one is High Angle Shot which is taken from a level higher than the subject. The props that the characters are using are hiking bags so they have room to store stuff to get them through their journey. This helps bring scenes to life making the movie more realistic. All the characters I the movie are wearing coats to feel warm and hats. The characters look like they are going somewhere far. The characters are barefoot as they don’t wont to make noise which is a bit strange but we soon find out that there is a monster that gets attracted to noise and when it hears it kills people. Clothes worn by the actor’s reveal information about their characters. The character’s costume tells us what type of a person he is or who that person is. The lighting in the scene is High Key Lighting which gives the scene a overall brighter picture. Lighting can be used to convey the mood of a scene e.g. a scene set dimly.
Avengers Endgame Analysis
In the clip of avengers endgame, the setting is set in a combination of destroyed built environment, with dirt, a lot of rubble and building elements, but also some busted trees and tree stumps and burnt out trees. the setting makes the audience determine what is going to happen later during the movie and determines information about the characters.
There are multiple props shown in the clip such as Thanos’ infinity gauntlet and his double bladed weapon. There was also a number of battleships and guns as well as Captain Americas shield. The props make the scene look more realistic to the audience.
There are numerous costumes during the clip such as Captain Americas, iron man, Spiderman, Black Panther, Thor, Thanos and the Chitori and plenty more. The clothes worn by the actor’s reveal information about their characters and who they are and also reveal what type of person he/she is.
The lighting during the clip is Low key lighting which means overall darker picture and also Mid key lighting so there is more light to the scene. This gives the scene tone and depth and makes the audience get a thrilling experience while watching it.
There are a wide range of different camera angles used in endgame. there are a lot of Mid shot angles in the scene which shows Captain America and Thanos getting ready for battle. A mid shot angle focuses on a medium sized section of something such as a person from their head to their waist. The effect of this angle is to tell the audience who the character is. Another camera angle used is the Extreme Long Shot. This is used in the clip to show the battleships flying in the air and the the characters running towards each other. this camera angle shows a lot of information from far away and you would use this shot to establish a shot from far away. Another camera angle used is the Two Shot angle. This is shown in the clip when the audience see Thor and Captain America fighting people and then exchanging weapons. The Two Shot angle is used to establish that two characters are together in a scene. This camera angle makes clear to the audience that those characters are the main in the scene. A Close Up angle is used in the clip when the camera is on Doctor Strange's face. This is used to show his facial expressions.
Editing techniques
Cutting techniques
Straight Cut - A term used for when the editor switches directly from one shot, to the next shot
e.g. the Truman Show and Mad Max
Transition - A stylish technique used to replace a straight cut from one shot, to the next shot
e.g. Zoolander, Flight, Harry Potter and Ace Ventura
Cross Cutting - Used to establish action occurring at the same time. But in two or more different locations
e.g. Mission Impossible and The Matrix Reloaded
e.g. the Truman Show and Mad Max
Transition - A stylish technique used to replace a straight cut from one shot, to the next shot
e.g. Zoolander, Flight, Harry Potter and Ace Ventura
Cross Cutting - Used to establish action occurring at the same time. But in two or more different locations
e.g. Mission Impossible and The Matrix Reloaded
Length
Quick Cuts – fast paced straight cuts which are used to help create energy in action scenes
e.g. Bourne Ultimatum and James bond
Long Take – A one take shot, that continues for a particularly long time before a cut or transition is used
e.g. Shaun of the dead and Children of Men
e.g. Bourne Ultimatum and James bond
Long Take – A one take shot, that continues for a particularly long time before a cut or transition is used
e.g. Shaun of the dead and Children of Men
Specialist
Elliptical editing – Used to compress the amount of time a visual text plays out (not in real time)
e.g. Up in the air and Batman Begins
Cutaway – a shot, or series of shots, that cut to the location on order to help establish the scenes surroundings
e.g. hurricane and Slumdog Millionaire
A shot which cuts to an object or person that a character was looking at in the previous shot
e.g. Guardians of the Galaxy
Match on Action – The cutting of various different shots in order to display a seem less continuation of action
e.g. Sherlock Holmes and The Town
Shot/Reverse Shot – The camera alternates between subjects conversing (not breaking the 180-degree rule)
e.g. Ted and 300
e.g. Up in the air and Batman Begins
Cutaway – a shot, or series of shots, that cut to the location on order to help establish the scenes surroundings
e.g. hurricane and Slumdog Millionaire
A shot which cuts to an object or person that a character was looking at in the previous shot
e.g. Guardians of the Galaxy
Match on Action – The cutting of various different shots in order to display a seem less continuation of action
e.g. Sherlock Holmes and The Town
Shot/Reverse Shot – The camera alternates between subjects conversing (not breaking the 180-degree rule)
e.g. Ted and 300
Stranger Things Analysis
There are a lot of editing cuts in Stranger Things all which make the viewer feel terrified and tense all the way through.the special effects, sounds, lights, and editing add to the atmosphere and make what you are viewing much more dynamic and interesting. Stranger Things use a lot of quick cuts and straight cuts to either switch from one scene to another or to add energy to their scenes.
Video Analysis
Film Opening Scene Of IT
The location is set in a neigbourhood, with a kid running down the road with the rain pouring down heavily. First there is an establishing shot of a few houses, then there is tracking following a kid who is quite young. The camera angle keeps going an high angle shot then a tracking shot of the kid and this is done repetitively. This makes the audience feel uneasy as they might know something bad is going to happen. While the kid running the speed of the camera gets faster and faster making seem like a heartbeat getting faster and faster. This makes the audience unsettling and suggests something scary is about to happen. This is a common convention in horror movies. There is a high angle shot of the street sign which has the name of the road, this highlights the importance of the road which will be a big factor later on in the movie. Suddenly the boy falls down and the fast paced camera movements stop. The camera angle shows a drain with little to no lighting. There is a prolonged shot fixed on the drain which means that something is going to appear. Then there is a close up on the clown (antagonist) face. There is an over the shoulder shot of the clown and the kid having a conversation. This shot helps the audience feel like they are there.
Pepsi Max Ad
The style of the advert is humorous as the employees convince their boss that he isn't feeling well and he decides to go home. When he leaves they turn the TV on and drink Pepsi max. the ad is funny because people can relate to this as in their job which therefore makes it humorous. The camera angles within this advert is mostly mid-shots throughout the ad but the ad starts off with an establishing shot. Another camera angle is an over the shoulder shot when the guy is looking down the the other guy with a parrot on his shoulder. There is also a close up of the Pepsi Max just to show what it is. The editing of this ad is quite fast paced as the camera shots change quite frequently. The situation in the ad is quite fast as the boss is getting confused and therefore works well with the fast paced editing. The lighting of the ad is ally natural lighting as they are in a room with all windows which looks like a normal day and they won't to show this in there advert. There is no sound or music within this advert until you get near the end when they turn the TV on and all the music comes in and the characters start dancing while the ad is saying max it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-32S2O9JD0
Planet Earth 2 opening scene
There is an establishing shot of mountains leading into the narrator doing a voice over of the the different images we see. After this there is birds eye view shots taken which looks down on different landscapes of the different parts of the world. There is also a soundtrack which is being played which compliments the narrator when he is speaking. We start seeing long shots of different plants and an animal which is swinging through the branches. After that there is a long shot and a mid shot of a cheetah. Suddenly there is an extreme long shot of a wave which is crushing down on the cliff. The noise of the wave is very suspense. After that we see more animals and a two leopards having a fearsome fight on a rocky landscape. After that there are more extreme long shots of a wilderness and an island which is isolated around the blue sea. There is an birds eye view shot moving slowly over this island. The lighting is all natural lighting as they are in different parts of the world filming its different creatures and surfaces. The soundtrack includes drums getting louder and quieter which makes the audience in tune with the documentary. The documentary finishing shots is the plant earth in space which signifies with the title of the documentary.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcmWoRTwf_A
Film Opening Scene Of IT
The location is set in a neigbourhood, with a kid running down the road with the rain pouring down heavily. First there is an establishing shot of a few houses, then there is tracking following a kid who is quite young. The camera angle keeps going an high angle shot then a tracking shot of the kid and this is done repetitively. This makes the audience feel uneasy as they might know something bad is going to happen. While the kid running the speed of the camera gets faster and faster making seem like a heartbeat getting faster and faster. This makes the audience unsettling and suggests something scary is about to happen. This is a common convention in horror movies. There is a high angle shot of the street sign which has the name of the road, this highlights the importance of the road which will be a big factor later on in the movie. Suddenly the boy falls down and the fast paced camera movements stop. The camera angle shows a drain with little to no lighting. There is a prolonged shot fixed on the drain which means that something is going to appear. Then there is a close up on the clown (antagonist) face. There is an over the shoulder shot of the clown and the kid having a conversation. This shot helps the audience feel like they are there.
Pepsi Max Ad
The style of the advert is humorous as the employees convince their boss that he isn't feeling well and he decides to go home. When he leaves they turn the TV on and drink Pepsi max. the ad is funny because people can relate to this as in their job which therefore makes it humorous. The camera angles within this advert is mostly mid-shots throughout the ad but the ad starts off with an establishing shot. Another camera angle is an over the shoulder shot when the guy is looking down the the other guy with a parrot on his shoulder. There is also a close up of the Pepsi Max just to show what it is. The editing of this ad is quite fast paced as the camera shots change quite frequently. The situation in the ad is quite fast as the boss is getting confused and therefore works well with the fast paced editing. The lighting of the ad is ally natural lighting as they are in a room with all windows which looks like a normal day and they won't to show this in there advert. There is no sound or music within this advert until you get near the end when they turn the TV on and all the music comes in and the characters start dancing while the ad is saying max it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-32S2O9JD0
Planet Earth 2 opening scene
There is an establishing shot of mountains leading into the narrator doing a voice over of the the different images we see. After this there is birds eye view shots taken which looks down on different landscapes of the different parts of the world. There is also a soundtrack which is being played which compliments the narrator when he is speaking. We start seeing long shots of different plants and an animal which is swinging through the branches. After that there is a long shot and a mid shot of a cheetah. Suddenly there is an extreme long shot of a wave which is crushing down on the cliff. The noise of the wave is very suspense. After that we see more animals and a two leopards having a fearsome fight on a rocky landscape. After that there are more extreme long shots of a wilderness and an island which is isolated around the blue sea. There is an birds eye view shot moving slowly over this island. The lighting is all natural lighting as they are in different parts of the world filming its different creatures and surfaces. The soundtrack includes drums getting louder and quieter which makes the audience in tune with the documentary. The documentary finishing shots is the plant earth in space which signifies with the title of the documentary.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcmWoRTwf_A
Rapman - Shiro's Story [Music Video]
In Rapman Shiro's Story they use a variety of editing and rules. One of these rules 180 degree. the rule refers to the extent of camera movement that is ideal for continuity purposes. It maintains continuity by keeping a sequences of shots within the half circle in front of he camera. Keeping shots of the characters to one side (of the 180 degree 'line') prevents audience disorientation and confusion; therefore making it easier to follow the narrative. This can be seen where the two characters are talking and they are keeping the 180 degree rule. after that Shiro's Story uses a quick cut to cut to a different scene.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_6ZJrg-E3Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_6ZJrg-E3Q